Mojule oa lisele tsa letsatsi

Ka kakaretso, mochine oa selefouno oa letsatsi o entsoe ka mekhahlelo e mehlano ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase, ho kenyelletsa le khalase ea photovoltaic, filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea liphutheloana, chip ea sele, filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea ho paka, le sefofane se ka morao:

(1) Khalase ea photovoltaic

Ka lebaka la matla a fokolang a mochine oa sele e le 'ngoe ea letsatsi ea photovoltaic, ho bonolo ho senya;Mongobo le khase e senyang moeeng butle-butle e tla oxidize le ho rusa electrode, 'me e ke ke ea mamella maemo a thata a mosebetsi oa ka ntle;Ka nako e ts'oanang, motlakase o sebetsang oa lisele tse le 'ngoe tsa photovoltaic hangata o monyenyane, oo ho leng thata ho finyella litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase ka kakaretso.Ka hona, lisele tsa letsatsi hangata li tiisitsoe pakeng tsa phanele ea ho paka le sefofane sa morao-rao ke filimi ea EVA ho theha module ea photovoltaic e sa bonahaleng e nang le liphutheloana le khokahanyo ea ka hare e ka fanang ka tlhahiso ea DC ka boithaopo.Li-module tse 'maloa tsa photovoltaic, li-inverters le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa motlakase li etsa tsamaiso ea matla a photovoltaic.

Ka mor'a hore khalase ea photovoltaic e koahelang mochine oa photovoltaic e koahetsoe, e ka etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le phetisetso e phahameng ea leseli, e le hore sele ea letsatsi e ka hlahisa motlakase o mongata;Ka nako e ts'oanang, khalase ea photovoltaic e thata e na le matla a phahameng, a ka etsang hore lisele tsa letsatsi li mamelle khatello e matla ea moea le phapang e kholo ea mocheso oa diurnal.Ka hona, khalase ea photovoltaic ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa li-module tsa photovoltaic.

Lisele tsa photovoltaic li arotsoe haholo-holo ka lisele tsa silicon tsa crystalline le lisele tse tšesaane tsa filimi.Khalase ea photovoltaic e sebelisoang bakeng sa lisele tsa silicon tsa crystalline haholo-holo e sebelisa mokhoa oa calendering, 'me khalase ea photovoltaic e sebelisetsoang lisele tse tšesaane tsa filimi e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho phaphamala.

(2) Ho tiisa filimi e khomarelang (EVA)

Filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea li-solar cell packaging e fumaneha bohareng ba mojule oa sele ea letsatsi, e phuthelang letlapa la sele mme e kopantsoe le khalase le poleiti e ka morao.Mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea sele ea letsatsi e kenyelletsa: ho fana ka ts'ehetso ea sebopeho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lisele tsa letsatsi, ho fana ka kopano e phahameng ea optical pakeng tsa sele le mahlaseli a letsatsi, ho arola sele le mohala, le ho tsamaisa mocheso o hlahisoang ke sele, joalo-joalo Ka hona, lihlahisoa tsa filimi tsa ho paka li hloka ho ba le mokoallo o phahameng oa mouoane oa metsi, phetisetso ea leseli e phahameng e bonahalang, ho hanyetsa molumo o phahameng, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo le ts'ebetso ea anti PID.

Hajoale, filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea EVA ke ntho e sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa ea sekhomaretsi bakeng sa ho paka liseleng tsa letsatsi.Ho tloha ka 2018, karolo ea eona ea 'maraka e ka bang 90%.E na le lilemo tse fetang 20 tsa nalane ea ts'ebeliso, e nang le ts'ebetso e leka-lekaneng ea sehlahisoa le ts'ebetso ea theko e phahameng.Filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea POE ke ntho e 'ngoe e sebelisoang haholo ea liphutheloana tsa sekhomaretsi tsa photovoltaic.Ho tloha ka 2018, karolo ea eona ea 'maraka e ka bang 9% 5. Sehlahisoa sena ke ethylene octene copolymer, e ka sebelisetsoang ho paka likhalase tse le 'ngoe tsa letsatsi le li-module tsa khalase tse peli, haholo-holo ka li-module tsa khalase tse peli.Filimi ea sekhomaretsi ea POE e na le litšobotsi tse ntle haholo tse kang sekhahla sa thibelo ea mouoane o phahameng oa metsi, phetisetso ea khanya e phahameng e bonoang, ho hanyetsa molumo o phahameng, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea anti PID.Ho phaella moo, tshebetso e ikhethang e phahameng e bonahatsang sehlahisoa sena se ka ntlafatsa tšebeliso e atlehang ea khanya ea letsatsi bakeng sa mojulung, ho thusa ho eketsa matla a mojulung, 'me ho ka rarolla bothata ba filimi e tšoeu ea sekhomaretsi e phallang ka mor'a hore ho be le mojule lamination.

(3) Sesebelisoa sa betri

Silicon solar cell ke sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng sa li-terminal tse peli.Li-terminals tse peli ka ho latellana li holim'a sebaka se amohelang leseli le bokaholimo ba lebone la silicon chip.

Molao-motheo oa ho hlahisa matla a photovoltaic: Ha photon e khanyetsa tšepe, matla a eona a ka kenngoa ka ho feletseng ke elektronike ka tšepe.Matla a monngoang ke elektronike e kholo ka ho lekaneng ho hlōla matla a Coulomb ka hare ho athomo ea tšepe le ho etsa mosebetsi, ho baleha holim'a tšepe ebe ho fetoha photoelectron.Athomo ea silicon e na le li-electrone tse 'nè tsa ka ntle.Haeba silicon e hloekileng e entsoe ka liathomo tse nang le lielektrone tse hlano tsa ka ntle, tse kang liathomo tsa phosphorus, e fetoha semiconductor ea mofuta oa N;Haeba silicon e hloekileng e entsoe ka liathomo tse nang le li-electrone tse tharo tse ka ntle, tse kang liathomo tsa boron, semiconductor ea mofuta oa P e thehoa.Ha mofuta oa P le mofuta oa N o kopantsoe, sebaka sa ho kopana se tla etsa phapang e ka bang teng 'me e be sele ea letsatsi.Ha khanya ea letsatsi e khanyetsa mateanong a PN, hona joale ho phalla ho tloha ka lehlakoreng la mofuta oa P ho ea lehlakoreng la mofuta oa N, ho etsa motlakase.

Ho ea ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse sebelisoang, lisele tsa letsatsi li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: sehlopha sa pele ke lisele tsa letsatsi tsa crystalline silicon, ho akarelletsa le silicon ea monocrystalline le polycrystalline silicon.Lipatlisiso tsa bona le nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea 'maraka li batla li tebile,' me ts'ebetso ea bona ea phetoho ea photoelectric e phahame, e nka karolo e kholo ea 'maraka oa chip ea betri ea hona joale;Sehlopha sa bobeli ke lisele tsa letsatsi tse tšesaane tsa filimi, ho kenyelletsa le lifilimi tse thehiloeng ho silicon, metsoako le lisebelisoa tsa manyolo.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la khaello kapa chefo ea lisebelisoa tse tala, ts'ebetso e tlaase ea ho fetoha, botsitso bo fokolang le mefokolo e meng, ha li sebelisoe hangata 'marakeng;Sehlopha sa boraro ke lisele tse ncha tsa letsatsi, ho kenyelletsa le lisele tsa letsatsi tsa laminated, tseo hona joale li leng sethaleng sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele 'me theknoloji ha e e-s'o hōle.

Lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa lisele tsa letsatsi ke polysilicon (e ka hlahisang melamu e le 'ngoe ea silicon ea kristale, li-ingots tsa polysilicon, joalo-joalo).Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsa haholo-holo: ho hloekisa le ho phalla, ho hasana, etching etching, khalase ea silicon e nang le dephosphorized, PECVD, khatiso ea skrine, sintering, liteko, joalo-joalo.

Phapang le kamano pakeng tsa kristale e le 'ngoe le polycrystalline photovoltaic panel li atolosoa mona

Kristale e le 'ngoe le polycrystalline ke litsela tse peli tsa tekheniki tsa crystalline silicon matla a letsatsi.Haeba kristale e le 'ngoe e bapisoa le lejoe le feletseng, polycrystalline ke lejoe le entsoeng ka majoe a sithabetseng.Ka lebaka la thepa e fapaneng ea 'mele, katleho ea phetoho ea photoelectric ea kristale e le' ngoe e phahame ho feta ea polycrystal, empa theko ea polycrystal e batla e le tlaase.

Ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea photoelectric ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa monocrystalline silicon e ka bang 18%, 'me e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke 24%.Ena ke katleho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho fetola photoelectric ea mefuta eohle ea lisele tsa letsatsi, empa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li phahame.Hobane silicon ea monocrystalline hangata e phuthetsoe ka khalase e futhumetseng le resin e sa keneleng metsi, e tšoarella ebile e na le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea lilemo tse 25.

Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa polycrystalline silicon e tšoana le ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa monocrystalline silicon, empa katleho ea phetoho ea photoelectric ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa polycrystalline silicon e hloka ho fokotseha haholo, 'me katleho ea eona ea ho fetola photoelectric ke hoo e ka bang 16%.Mabapi le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, e theko e tlaase ho feta lisele tsa letsatsi tsa monocrystalline silicon.Lisebelisoa li bonolo ho li etsa, li boloka tšebeliso ea matla, 'me litšenyehelo tsohle tsa tlhahiso li tlase.

Kamano lipakeng tsa kristale e le 'ngoe le polycrystal: polycrystal ke kristale e le' ngoe e nang le liphoso.

Ka keketseho ea litheko tsa marang-rang ntle le lithuso le khaello e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tsa mobu tse ka kengoang, tlhokahalo ea lihlahisoa tse sebetsang hantle 'marakeng oa lefatše e ntse e eketseha.Tlhokomelo ea batseteli e boetse e tlohile ho tloha ho potlaka ea pele ho ea mohloling oa mantlha, ke hore, ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea motlakase le ts'epahalo ea nako e telele ea projeke ka boeona, e leng senotlolo sa lekeno la nakong e tlang ea seteishene sa motlakase.Nakong ena, theknoloji ea polycrystalline e ntse e na le melemo ka litšenyehelo, empa katleho ea eona e batla e le tlaase.

Ho na le mabaka a mangata a ho hōla ha monyebe ha theknoloji ea polycrystalline: ka lehlakoreng le leng, litšenyehelo tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele li lula li le holimo, tse lebisang ho theko e phahameng ea tlhahiso ea mekhoa e mecha.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, theko ea thepa e theko e boima haholo.Leha ho le joalo, le hoja matla a ho hlahisa matla le ts'ebetso ea likristale tse le 'ngoe tse sebetsang hantle li ke ke tsa fihleloa ke li-polycrystals le likristale tse tloaelehileng tse le' ngoe, bareki ba bang ba nang le bothata ba theko ba ntse ba tla "se khone ho hlōlisana" ha ba khetha.

Hona joale, theknoloji e sebetsang ea kristale e le 'ngoe e fihletse tekanyo e ntle pakeng tsa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo.Palo ea thekiso ea kristale e le 'ngoe e nkile boemo bo ka sehloohong' marakeng.

(4) Sefofane se ka morao

The solar backplane ke photovoltaic packaging material e ka morao ho solar cell module.E sebelisoa haholo ho sireletsa mojule oa lisele tsa letsatsi tikolohong ea kantle, ho hanela ho bola ha lintlha tsa tikoloho joalo ka leseli, mongobo le mocheso filiming ea ho paka, li-cell chips le lisebelisoa tse ling, 'me e bapala karolo ea ts'ireletso ea meteo.Kaha sefofane se ka morao se karolong e ka morao ea mojule oa PV 'me se kopana ka ho toba le tikoloho ea ka ntle, se tlameha ho ba le mocheso o phahameng le o tlaase oa mocheso, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli a ultraviolet, ho hanyetsa botsofali ba tikoloho, mokoallo oa mouoane oa metsi, motlakase oa motlakase le tse ling. thepa ea ho kopana le bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lilemo tse 25 tsa mojule oa lisele tsa letsatsi.Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a indasteri ea photovoltaic, lihlahisoa tse ling tse phahameng tsa morao-rao tsa letsatsi li boetse li na le khanya e phahameng ea khanya ho ntlafatsa katleho ea phetoho ea photoelectric ea li-module tsa letsatsi.

Ho latela karohano ea lisebelisoa, sefofane se ka morao se arotsoe haholo ka li-polymers tsa manyolo le lintho tse sa sebetseng.The solar backplanes hangata e bua ka organic polymers, 'me lintho tse inorganic ke haholo khalase.Ho ea ka mokhoa oa tlhahiso, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea mefuta e mengata, mofuta oa ho roala le mofuta oa coextrusion.Hajoale, li-backplane tse kopaneng li nka karolo e fetang 78% ea 'maraka oa lifofane tse ka morao.Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea likarolo tsa likhalase tse habeli, karolo ea mmaraka ea sefofane se ka morao sa khalase e feta 12%, 'me ea sefofane se koahetsoeng le lifofane tse ling tse ka morao e ka bang 10%.

Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa backplane ea letsatsi haholo-holo li kenyelletsa filimi ea motheo ea PET, thepa ea fluorine le sekhomaretsi.Filimi ea motheo ea PET haholo-holo e fana ka thepa ea ho itšireletsa le ea mechine, empa ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo ho batla ho fokola;Lisebelisoa tsa fluorine li arotsoe haholo ka mefuta e 'meli: filimi ea fluorine le fluorine e nang le resin, e fanang ka ho kenya letsoho, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo le thepa ea thibelo;Sekhomaretsi se entsoe haholo-holo ka resin ea maiketsetso, e phekolang, li-additives tse sebetsang le lik'hemik'hale tse ling.E sebelisetsoa ho tlama filimi ea motheo ea PET le filimi ea fluorine ka sefofane se nang le likarolo tse ngata.Hajoale, li-backplane tsa li-module tsa boleng bo holimo tsa lisele tsa letsatsi li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa fluoride ho sireletsa filimi ea motheo ea PET.Phapang feela ke hore sebopeho le sebopeho sa lisebelisoa tsa fluoride tse sebelisoang li fapane.Thepa ea fluorine e kopantsoe le filimi ea motheo ea PET ka sekhomaretsi ka mokhoa oa filimi ea fluorine, e leng mokokotlo o kopantsoeng;E koahetsoe ka ho toba filiming ea motheo ea PET ka mokhoa oa fluorine e nang le resin ka mokhoa o khethehileng, o bitsoang "coated backplane".

Ka kakaretso, mokokotlo o kopantsoeng o na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la botšepehi ba filimi ea fluorine;The backplane e koahetsoeng e na le molemo oa theko ka lebaka la theko ea eona e tlaase ea thepa.

Mefuta e meholo ea li-backplane tse kopaneng

Sesepa sa mokokotlo sa letsatsi se kopantsoeng se ka aroloa ka sefofane se nang le mahlakore a mabeli sa fluorine se ka morao, sefofane se nang le lehlakore le le leng la fluorine, le sefofane sa mahala sa fluorine ho latela litaba tsa fluorine.Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa boemo ba bona ba leholimo le litšobotsi tse ling, li loketse libaka tse fapaneng.Ka kakaretso, khanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo tikolohong e lateloa ke sefofane se nang le mahlakore a mabeli sa fluorine se ka morao, sefofane se nang le lehlakore le le leng la filimi ea fluorine, le sefofane sa mahala sa fluorine, 'me litheko tsa bona hangata lia fokotseha.

Tlhokomeliso: (1) Filimi ea PVF (monofluorinated resin) e ntšoa ho tsoa ho PVF copolymer.Ts'ebetso ena ea sebopeho e etsa bonnete ba hore lera la ho khabisa la PVF le kopane 'me ha le na likoli tse kang li-pinholes le mapetsong a atisang ho etsahala nakong ea PVDF (difluorinated resin) ho fafatsa kapa ho roala rolara.Ka hona, ho kenngoa ha lesela la mokhabiso oa filimi ea PVF ho phahametse ho roala ha PVDF.Lintho tse koahelang filimi ea PVF li ka sebelisoa libakeng tse nang le tikoloho e mpe le ho feta ea kutu;

(2) Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea lifilimi tsa PVF, tlhophiso ea extruding ea lattice ea molek'hule hammoho le litsela tsa longitudinal le tse pota-potileng e matlafatsa matla a eona a 'mele haholo, kahoo filimi ea PVF e na le boima bo boholo;

(3) filimi ea PVF e na le khanyetso e matla ea ho apara le bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso;

4

Maemo a sebetsang

Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo bo phahameng, filimi e entsoeng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli e nang le mahlakoreng a mabeli e ka mamella maemo a matla a kang serame, mocheso o phahameng, moea le lehlabathe, pula, joalo-joalo, 'me hangata e sebelisoa haholo lihlabeng, lehoatateng, Gobi le libakeng tse ling;Filimi e nang le lehlakore le le leng la fluorine e kopantsoeng ka morao ke sehlahisoa se fokotsang litšenyehelo sa filimi e entsoeng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli ea fluorine.Ha ho bapisoa le filimi ea fluorine e nang le mahlakore a mabeli a mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, karolo ea eona e ka hare e na le ho hanyetsa ha mahlaseli a kotsi a ultraviolet le ho senya mocheso, e sebetsang haholo marulelong le libakeng tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi a ultraviolet.

6, PV inverter

Ts'ebetsong ea ho hlahisa matla a letsatsi la photovoltaic, matla a hlahisoang ke li-photovoltaic arrays ke matla a DC, empa meroalo e mengata e hloka matla a AC.Sistimi ea phepelo ea motlakase ea DC e na le mefokolo e meholo, e seng bonolo bakeng sa phetoho ea motlakase, mme sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea mojaro le sona se na le moeli.Ntle le meroalo e khethehileng ea motlakase, li-inverters lia hlokahala ho fetolela matla a DC ho matla a AC.Inverter ea photovoltaic ke pelo ea tsamaiso ea matla a letsatsi a photovoltaic.E fetola matla a DC a hlahisoang ke mochine oa motlakase oa photovoltaic ho matla a AC a hlokoang ke bophelo ka theknoloji ea ho fetola matla a motlakase, 'me ke e' ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa setsi sa motlakase sa photovoltaic.